[02]
“The Map of the City of Batum,” by N. M. Dakishevich, 1887-1889, The State Archives of Adjara, Batumi, f.6, o.1, d.99, l.3.

[04]

Constant, New Babylon, 1961. Collection Het Nieuwe Instituut, archive Academie van Bouwkunst Amsterdam.

[05]

Rusya: Osmanlı-Rus Harbi: Kars'ta abide-i zafer [Russia: The Ottoman-Russian War, The victory monument in Kars], Kars, 1911. Photograph. The Directorate of State Archives of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, HR. SYS 1229/8.

[06]

Frank van Klingeren, the plan of Het Karregat, Eindhoven, 1973. Het Nieuwe Instituut, Rotterdam, KLIN.110510480, KLIN d12-2.

Publications

[01]
“Building the ‘Russian’ South Caucasus” in Handbook of the Modern History of the Caucasus, eds. Stefan Kirmse and Naira Sahakyan (forthcoming).

[02]
“Lost in Translation?: Property and Empire Building in the Russian South Caucasus,” in Lines of Property, eds. Claire Zimmerman, Peter Christensen, and Lisa Haber Thomson (forthcoming, 2026).

[03]
“Replacing Property: The Imperial Urban Development of Batum, 1878-1905,” in Off-Center: Architectures of Russian and Soviet Imperialism, eds. Markus Lähteenmäki and Da Hyung Jeong (forthcoming, Leuven University Press, 2026).

[04]
“Calvino Travels to the East: Invisible Cities, Open Architecture, and Orientalism,” in Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities Around the World: Circulation, Translation and Reception Across Borders, eds. Elio Baldi and Cecilia Schwartz (Routledge, 2024).

[05]
“Homogenizing the Border: Kars after the Pogrom of 1955,” in Art and Architecture of Migration and Discrimination: Turkey, Pakistan, and their European Diasporas, eds. Esra Akcan and Iftikhar Dadi (Routledge, 2024).

[06]
“‘Against the Privatised, the Preconditioned, and the Asylum-like:’ Frank van Klingeren’s Challenge to Open Architecture,” The Journal of Architecture 27, no: 2 (2022): 202–224.

[07]
“Architect of Nothingness: Frank van Klingeren’s Open Architecture,” Footprint 16, no: 2 (2022): 145–156.

[08]
“In the Scale of Nations,” The Canadian Center for Architecture, 2020.

[09]
“Rehearsing the Border: Politics of Spatiality in Contemporary Artworks in Kars and Ani, Turkey,” in Mediating the Spatiality of Conflicts, eds. A. Pilav, M. Schoonderbeek, H. Sohn, and A. Staničić (BK Books, 2020).

[10]
“Bordering on Agoraphilia and Agoraphobia:
Artistic Practices
on Turkey’s Borderlands,” Peer 5 (2018): 58–68 (co-authored).

[07]
Frank van Klingeren, De Meerpaal, Dronten, 1965-67. Undated photo by Jaap Doeser.